|
|
 |
MOLECULAR GENETICS TESTS - FRIEDREICH'S ATAXIA |
| |
| |
Background:
Friedreich's Ataxia (FA), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative
disorder, is the most common inherited ataxia. FA is associated with a
mutation that consists of an unstable expansion of GAA repeats in the
first intron of the frataxin gene on chromosome 9, which encodes a
protein of unknown function. Classical features of FA are ataxia of all
four limbs, associated with cerebellar dysarthria, absent reflexes in
the lower limbs, sensory loss and pyramidal signs. The onset of symptoms
is usually around 25 years of age and the progression of the disease is
rapid.
The gene responsible for causing FA is located on chromosome 9q13. The
gene FRDA1 gene comprises of 6 exons and encodes a protein 210 amino
acids in length.
Analysis:
Indications for Testing:
- Confirm a clinical diagnosis of FA.
- Investigate patients with undiagnosed ataxias.
- Provide carrier testing (Only available for patients over 18 years of age).
Carrier testing is currently offered where an affected first degree
relative has previously had a DNA study. Counselling is available for
possible carriers. If the affected family member has two expanded
alleles, carrier status will be confirmed on detection of one expanded
allele and one allele in the normal range. A very small residual risk
remains that a partner testing negative on an expansion study could
still have a point mutation.
Speciment Requirements:
Blood: 3 x 4.0mL whole blood into EDTA tubes . Invert several times to
mix. Forward within 24-48 hours at ambient temperature.
Paediatric Samples: Minimum of 0.5mL whole blood in EDTA tubes.
Prenatal Samples:
- Chorionic Villus: Obtain 20mg chorionic villus sample (CVS) and
transfer to a vial containing transport medium.
- Amniotic Fluid: A minimum of 20mL amniotic fluid required. Bloody
specimens may reflect extensive contamination with maternal cells. Such a
specimen may not be suitable for testing.
NOTE:
- Maternal cell contamination is a potential problem when analysing DNA
from CVS samples or cultured amniotic cells. To rule out the presence of
maternal cell contamination a peripheral blood specimen in EDTA from the
mother must be sent with the prenatal sample (minimum 3ml whole blood in
EDTA required).
Tissue:
200 mg of tissue. Specimen must be snap frozen within one hour of
collection. Send specimen frozen on dry ice.
Paraffin blocks of tissue are also acceptable. The tissue sample should
not have had prolonged immersion in formalin before embedding.
NOTE:
- Referral reason plus adequate information and family history must be
submitted with the specimen. Pedigree must be included where appropriate.
Usual test turnaround time:
6 weeks once sample is received.
Cost of test:
FA - $928 Note: Prices excludes GST (12.5%) and may
change without notice.
Please click on a link below to view information
about another specific test.
|
|